Polychrome Pass, the halfway point on teh Denali Park road) shows 41 to 61 million year old basalt (dark rock) and rhyolite (light rock) interbedded as lava flows. Photo by P. Brease.
A surge bed of volcanic ash (white) grades upward into coarser particles (brown) of pumice, rock fragments, and ash settled during an explosive eruption and formed the Echo Canyon Rhyolite.
The Echo Canyon Rhyolite formed when a mixture of hot gas, ash, pumice (lightest color) and rock fragments, and glass shards was violently erupted from a volcano, fell to the ground. The fragments were welded together and compacted.
The soft volcanic ash (white) was eroded from this cliff face, leaving the overlying rhyolite unstable. After a rain, which filled the joints in the rhyolite and saturated the ash, a rockfall occurred.