Compound cross-stratification (cross-bedding) in Esplanade Sandstone. Man at right gives scale to these complexly developed beds, which have been produced by stream or wind currents blowing sand across a surface on which sand was accumulating. Scouring of the stream floor by turbulent flowing water may create small depressions in the channel deposits, which later will be refilled by inclined beds.
Erosion shapes the sandstone into mesas, buttes, pinnacles, and gullies -- all are visible in this image. Differential erosion has produced alternating cliffs and slopes. Cliffs form on resistant sandstone and limestone formations; slopes develop in nonresistant shale. Talus slopes abound where weathering of the fins and columns has proceeded more rapidly than removal of the eroded material.
Cross-bedding structures in the Navajo Sandstone of Zion National Park. The large-scale cross bedding developed in the Jurassic as successive layers of fine dune sand, blowing up gentle windward dune slopes, were deposited on steeper leeward slopes where wind velocity lessened. The Navajo Sandstone was deposited in an ancient desert about the size of today's Sahara.